Maarufu: Data ilisasishwa 27 Oktoba 2026

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fend: matoleo yote na matoleo ya zamani

Arbitrary-precision unit-aware calculator

printfn Sayansi na hisabati #21 Sayansi na hisabati

Hapa yameorodheshwa matoleo 13 ya fend, kuanzia 2 Juni 2023 hadi toleo la sasa 1.5.9. Kila moja lina kiungo cha faili za kisakinishi za mchapishaji mwenyewe.

2023: 2 2 23 2024: 7 7 24 2025: 2 2 25 2026: 2 2 26

matoleo 13 katika miaka 3 · takriban 3.8 kwa mwaka

ToleoTareheUkubwaFaili
1.5.9Toleo jipya zaidi 21 Oktoba 2026 — 64-bit ZIP64-bit MSI
Maelezo ya toleo
Changes in this version:

• Update dependencies
1.5.8 24 Januari 2026 — 64-bit MSI64-bit ZIP
Maelezo ya toleo
Changes in this version:
- Use rustls rather than native-tls by default
- Add clear command to the interactive fend CLI
- Fix significant figure rounding
- Increase precision for pi
- Fix currency conversions if the decimal separator is set to comma
- Make variable serialisations for compact
- Add TL and ₺ as aliases for the Turkish lira
- Improve performance
1.5.7 14 Julai 2025 — 64-bit MSI64-bit ZIP
Maelezo ya toleo
Changes in this version:
- Add print and println functions
These print functions are especially useful in scripts, for example:
#!/usr/bin/env fend
a = "Hello World";
println(a);
println(5 * 5);
- Add exchange-rate-max-age configuration option
- Add support for simultaneously downloading currency exchange rates from
multiple APIs, improving reliability in case the API goes offline
- Support trait implementations for random number generation
- Fix several bugs when using commas as decimal separators
1.5.6 14 Machi 2025 — 64-bit ZIP64-bit MSI
Maelezo ya toleo
Changes in this version:
- Improve accuracy of pi and roots
- Fix parsing of negated function calls like -sqrt 4
- Add miscellaneous fend-web UI improvements
1.5.5 16 Novemba 2024 — 64-bit ZIP64-bit MSI
Maelezo ya toleo
Changes in this version:
- Add text as a synonym for string (e.g. 5 to text)
- Add units gf (gram-force), pond and variations thereof
- Add at unit (technical atmosphere, equivalent to kgf/cm^2)
- Add Torr unit (equivalent to 101325/760 Pascals)
- Add kat/katal unit of catalytic activity
- Add r/q/R/Q prefixes for ronto, quecto, ronna and quetta respectively
- Add variants like sqcm, cm2, cbcm and cm3 for common length units
- Add Cmd+k / Ctrl+k or Ctrl+l to clear the web UI output
- Fix multiline input not being visible in the web UI
- Persist command history in the browser's local storage when using the web UI
- Change default exchange rate source to the European Central Bank as their API is more reliable.
- Fix quetta prefix (equivalent to 10^30)
1.4.6 28 Machi 2024 — 64-bit ZIP64-bit MSI
Maelezo ya toleo
Changes in this version:- Add function mean (or average) to compute the mean value of probability distributions (by haykam821). For example:

> mean(d6)
7
> average(1d20 + 5)
15.5

- Add units nibble (4 bits) and U (rack units, equal to 1.75 inches)
- Serialised variables are now compatible between 32-bit and 64-bit platforms
- Fix bug where calculating very large roman numerals could crash the application
1.4.5 13 Machi 2024 — 64-bit ZIP64-bit MSI
Maelezo ya toleo
Changes in this version:- Add support for converting numbers to roman numerals (e.g. 45 to roman becomes XLV)
- Add ≠ as an alias for != (by @haykam821)
- Add <> as another alias for !=
- Update Windows MSI installer to WiX 4
- The fend Telegram bot now directly replies to messages, making it easier to use in group chats (by @frectonz)
1.4.4 5 Machi 2024 — 64-bit ZIP64-bit MSI
Maelezo ya toleo
Changes in this version:- Add == and != operators for equality and inequality (by @frectonz)For example:

> 2 metres == 200 cm
true
> 4 kg == 2 lbs
false

- The fend CLI now uses native-tls by default, instead of rustls. On Windows this uses SChannel (via the schannel crate), on macOS it uses Secure Transport via the security-framework crate, and on Linux it links to OpenSSL with the openssl crate. You can continue using rustls by compiling with the --no-default-features --features rustls flags. See the CLI's Cargo.toml for further details.
1.4.3 23 Februari 2024 — 64-bit ZIP64-bit MSI
Maelezo ya toleo
Changes in this version:- Add floor, ceil and round functions (by @frectonz)
- Add ¥ symbol for Japanese Yen (by @frectonz)
- Support power notation using Unicode superscript digits (e.g. 20²) (by @frectonz)
1.4.2 23 Januari 2024 — 64-bit MSI64-bit ZIP
Maelezo ya toleo
- Add ability to convert codepoints to characters, e.g. 97 to character (by @mat-1)
- Fix horsepower value (by @probablykasper)
- Fix license files not being included in the workspace member packages (fend-core etc.) (by @albertlarsan68)
1.4.1 7 Januari 2024 — 64-bit ZIP64-bit MSI
Maelezo ya toleo
- Fix bug where fend could return incorrect results when calculating exponents or roots of certain units, e.g. sqrt(milli).
1.4.0 27 Desemba 2023 — 64-bit MSI64-bit ZIP
Maelezo ya toleo
- Change unit simplification and unit aliasing to be simpler and more consistent. Units like `%` and `million` are now simplified unless you explicitly convert your result to one of those units. fend will now also simplify certain combinations of units, such as `volts / ohms` becoming `amperes`.

For example:
```
> 5%
0.05
> 46 million
46000000
> 0.5 to %
50%
> 34820000 to million
34.82 million
> (5 volts) / (2 ohms)
2.5 amperes
> 3 feet * 125 kg * s^-2
114.3 newtons
> c / (145MHz)
approx. 2.0675341931 meters
```
- Rename Windows installer artifacts (MSI files) to also include the version number, e.g. `fend-1.4.0-windows-x64.msi`.
- Replace `nanorand` dependency with `rand`, which is better supported and fixes compilation errors on FreeBSD.
1.2.0 2 Juni 2023 — 64-bit MSI64-bit ZIP
Maelezo ya toleo
- Variable names with underscores can now be correctly referenced
- Combined abbreviated units are now parsed case-insensitively:
- Add a new configuration option enable-internet-access (defaults to true)
- Add tbs unit as an abbreviation for tablespoons
- Add thou unit, representing a thousandth of an inch

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